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離島地區康健站 Island DHC Express
鄰舍輔導會 The Neighbourhood Advice-Action Council

離島地區康健站 Islands DHC Express

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健康飲食

2022-03-29

健康飲食金字塔

均衡飲食是維持健康的要素,我們應依照「健康飲食金字塔」的原則飲食,以穀物類為主,並多吃蔬菜及水果,進食適量的肉、魚、蛋和奶類及其代替品,減少鹽、油、糖分;並以去肥剩瘦,多採用低油量的烹調方法如蒸、燉、炆、烚、白灼等或用易潔鑊煮食,及減少煎炸,以求達致飲食均衡、促進健康。

在各類食物中,我應該吃多少才能保持健康?

進食正確的食物種類

不同食物有不同的營養價值,因此身體不能從單一食物中得到全部所需營養素。根據健康飲食金字塔,我們需要進食各大類別食物,同時也要進食每一大類別中不同的食物,以吸收各種營養素,滿足身體所需。

 

進食正確的份量

進食太多或太少都不利於身體健康,我們的身體每天需要一定分量的營養素來維持最佳狀態。如果進食不足,就很可能出現營養不良或相關營養缺乏的症狀;相反,若進食過量,則可導致營養過多或增加肥胖的機會。因此,要維持身體健康,我們需進食合適的分量。

健康飲食金字塔

  • 吃最多─穀物類
  • 吃多些─蔬菜和水果類
  • 吃適量─肉、魚、蛋及代替品(包括乾豆)和奶類及代替品
  • 吃最少─油、鹽、糖類
  • 每天喝足夠的流質飲品(包括清水﹑清茶﹑清湯等)

 

 

2-5歲兒童健康飲食金字塔

  • 穀物類:5至3碗
  • 蔬菜類:最少5份
  • 水果類:最少1份
  • 肉、魚、蛋及代替品:5至3兩
  • 奶類及代替品:2份
  • 油、鹽、糖類:吃最少
  • 流質飲品:4至5杯

 

 

6-11歲兒童健康飲食金字塔

  • 穀物類:3至4碗
  • 蔬菜類:最少2份
  • 水果類:最少2份
  • 肉、魚、蛋及代替品:3至5兩
  • 奶類及代替品:2份
  • 油、鹽、糖類:吃最少
  • 流質飲品:6至8杯

 

 

12-17歲青少年健康飲食金字塔

  • 穀物類:4至6碗
  • 蔬菜類:最少3份
  • 水果類:最少2份
  • 肉、魚、蛋及代替品:4至6兩
  • 奶類及代替品:2份
  • 油、鹽、糖類:吃最少
  • 流質飲品:6至8杯

 

 

成人健康飲食金字塔

  • 穀物類:3至8碗
  • 蔬菜類:最少3份
  • 水果類:最少2份
  • 肉、魚、蛋及代替品:5至8兩
  • 奶類及代替品:1至2份
  • 油、鹽、糖類:吃最少
  • 流質飲品:6至8杯

長者健康飲食金字塔

  • 穀物類:3至5碗
  • 蔬菜類:最少3份
  • 水果類:最少2份
  • 肉、魚、蛋及代替品:5至6兩
  • 奶類及代替品:1至2份
  • 油、鹽、糖類:吃最少
  • 流質飲品:6至8杯

註:

  • 一兩約等於40克(生肉)。
  • 以上建議為身體健康的人士而設,長期病患者及有特別營養需要的人士,應向家庭醫生及營養師諮詢切合個人需要的飲食建議。

 

 

食物分量換算:

1碗穀物相等於:

  • 1碗飯
  • 11⁄4碗麵
  • 2片麵包

1份蔬菜相等於:

  • 1⁄2碗煮熟瓜菜
  • 1碗沙律菜

1份水果相等於:

  • 1個中型蘋果
  • 2個奇異果
  • 1⁄2碗切粒水果

1兩肉相等於:

  • 4-5片熟肉
  • 1隻雞蛋
  • 1磚布包豆腐

1份奶類及代替品相等於:

  • 1杯(240毫升)低脂奶
  • 2片低脂芝士

1小盒(150克)低脂純味乳酪

 

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